In this article, we will analyse the main attack vectors that most affect our organizations, including real examples of cyberattacks that have marked a turning point in the perception of risk in critical infrastructures. We will also address a particular risk that exists especially in industrial sectors: legacy equipment, designed in an era when cybersecurity was not a priority.
All of this will lead to the presentation of the most successful defensive techniques, ranging from network segmentation and access control to endpoint device management. This is achieved through the implementation of a defense-in-depth architecture, aimed at slowing down, mitigating, and detecting cyberattacks without compromising operational continuity.
In addition to these measures, it is necessary to have incident response mechanisms, among which contingency plans, simulation exercises, and specialized rapid response teams stand out. Ongoing staff training and awareness are key tools to mitigate human risk and strengthen resilience.
Cybersecurity is no longer a technical add-on but has become an essential pillar of nuclear security. In this context, a strategic and practical vision must be pursued—one that promotes a culture of digital security aligned with current challenges.
